人们的劳作基于一个错误的前提,使得一个人更美好的那部分1很快就被犁入了土地腐朽发酵。他们受一种通常被称作“需求”的命运表象驱使。2正如某本古书3所言,需求的表象驱使他们积攒终将被虫蛾和锈迹腐蚀、被窃贼登堂盗取的财富。纵使一生都未及察觉,待他们走到人生尽头,也将发现这是愚者的生活。据说杜卡利翁和皮拉4将石头丢向身后而创造了人类:——

Inde genus durum sumus, experiensque laborum,

Et documenta damus quâ simus origine nati.

雷利5将之译成了华丽的韵文,

“自此我类心灵坚韧,受苦受忧;

印证这身躯本由顽石造就。”

他们早不该盲从愚钝的神谕,只管把石头向后扔过头顶,也不看看他们堕于何处。

But men labor under a mistake. The better part of the man is soon ploughed into the soil for compost. By a seeming fate, commonly called necessity, they are employed, as it says in an old book, laying up treasures which moth and rust will corrupt and thieves break through and steal. It is a fool’s life, as they will find when they get to the end of it, if not before. It is said that Deucalion and Pyrrha created men by throwing stones over their heads behind them: —

Inde genus durum sumus, experiensque laborum,

Et documenta damus quâ simus origine nati.

Or, as Raleigh rhymes it in his sonorous way,—

“From thence our kind hard-hearted is, enduring pain and care,

Approving that our bodies of a stony nature are.”

So much for a blind obedience to a blundering oracle, throwing the stones over their heads behind them, and not seeing where they fell.

Footnotes

  1. 即人的灵魂、思想、诸多美好的品质,而人的肉体则是次等的部分。这里写人的灵魂被犁入土地,应接了上文土地的奴隶相关论述,梭罗认为人的美好品质和思想被繁重的劳作所掩埋了,而繁重的劳作正是来源于需求的驱使,而这种必需真的是必须的吗?梭罗将在下文进一步探讨这个问题。

  2. “seeming fate”,我将之译为“命运的表象”,这是一种表面上的、似乎合理的命运。包括梭罗在内的超验主义者认为,人创造其生存的环境,这样一种被梭罗批判的命运/生活形式亦是由人主动创造亦或是接纳的“表象”。

  3. 古书,这里的古书指的是基督教的《圣经》,然而梭罗本人其实并不偏向于某种特定的宗教或哲学。

  4. 丢卡里翁和皮拉是宙斯大洪水的幸存者,他们是一对夫妻。洪水后,他们在规律女神忒弥斯的指示下丢石头造人,丢卡里翁丢的石头变成了男人,皮拉丢的变成了女人。

  5. 雷利,即沃尔特雷利,文艺复兴时期英国学者,代表作《世界史》,本段中引用的翻译即是出自此书。