我们不妨思考一下,我所谓的大部分烦恼与焦虑因何而起,我们有多必要为其所困,或至少说是有多必要心系于斯。虽然我们身处物质文明之中,要是能去过一种原始、边疆的生活,去了解哪些是最基本的生活必需品以及需要用何种手段获取他们,是有好处的;你甚至可以去翻翻商人的旧账本1,看看人们在商店里最常购置、囤积什么,也就是去看看最显见的大宗杂货2有哪些。毕竟时代的进步并没有给人类生存的必要法则带来多少影响,我们的骨架可能也跟祖先没有什么分别。

Let us consider for a moment what most of the trouble and anxiety which I have referred to is about, and how much it is necessary that we be troubled, or, at least, careful. It would be some advantage to live a primitive and frontier life, though in the midst of an outward civilization, if only to learn what are the gross necessaries of life and what methods have been taken to obtain them; or even to look over the old daybooks of the merchants, to see what it was that men most commonly bought at the stores, what they stored, that is, what are the grossest groceries. For the improvements of ages have had but little influence on the essential laws of man’s existence; as our skeletons, probably, are not to be distinguished from those of our ancestors.

Footnotes

  1. 梭罗不只是嘴上说说,他真的喜欢研究这些写满交易纪录的旧账簿。在早期的日记中,他曾从一位渔夫1805年的账簿里誊抄了20多条记录。在1854年,他还誊抄、评论了美国政治人物Ephraim Jones(1705—1756)的1741至1750年间的账簿。这些都保存在本书“冬日动物”一章的手稿中。

  2. 在这里梭罗用了一个巧妙的双关。原文“grossest groceries”中的“gross”有多重含义,既有“最显见的”意思,又有“总的“、”大量的”含义,这个词组在这里便是指那些最常见、最大宗、最基础的生活用品。同时英文中的“杂货”一词(grocery)又和gross同源,取批发的商品之意。看得出梭罗很喜欢这种文字游戏,在本章中就使用了两次。